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Scripture 101

The contributors to the Granth

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Who wrote the hymns of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji: the Gurus, the Bhagats, the Bhatts and the Gursikhs, with their dates, places and sources — the roster the site and the app show.

The roster names 36 voices. Each name in the corpus is the author string of the database, so /api/analytics/author and the structure page join to it, and the Ang explorer shows their lines. A voice the attribution repair in sggs-data is still adding has no lines in the corpus yet. Dates come only from the sources each entry cites; an unknown date is left blank (c. marks an uncertain one, fl. the century a voice is known from). Every entry is a draft until the scholar signs the review pack (gate G3). This is historical context, never a ranking.

The Gurus (6)

Name in the corpusNameLivedEraRegionTradition
Guru Nanak Dev Ji (M1)Guru Nanak Dev Ji1469–1539Founder · 1469–1539Punjab (Talwandi / Kartarpur)First Guru
Guru Angad Dev Ji (M2)Guru Angad Dev Ji1504–1552Second Guru · 1504–1552Punjab (Khadur)Second Guru
Guru Amar Das Ji (M3)Guru Amar Das Ji1479–1574Third Guru · 1479–1574Punjab (Goindval)Third Guru
Guru Ram Das Ji (M4)Guru Ram Das Ji1534–1581Fourth Guru · 1534–1581Punjab (Lahore / Goindval / Amritsar)Fourth Guru
Guru Arjan Dev Ji (M5)Guru Arjan Dev Ji1563–1606Fifth Guru · 1563–1606Punjab (Goindval / Amritsar / Lahore)Fifth Guru · Compiler
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (M9)Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji1621–1675Ninth Guru · 1621–1675Punjab (Amritsar / Anandpur) · DelhiNinth Guru
  • Guru Nanak Dev Ji — The first Guru and founder of the Sikh faith; the Granth opens with his Mool Mantar and Japji.
  • Guru Angad Dev Ji — The second Guru; his Bani is saloks, set within the Vaars of the Granth.
  • Guru Amar Das Ji — The third Guru; author of the Anand Sahib.
  • Guru Ram Das Ji — The fourth Guru, who founded Amritsar; his Laavan are sung at the Sikh wedding.
  • Guru Arjan Dev Ji — The fifth Guru, who compiled the Adi Granth (installed 1604); the author of Sukhmani Sahib.
  • Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji — The ninth Guru, martyred at Delhi in 1675; his saloks close the Bani of the Gurus in the Granth.

The Bhagats (15)

Name in the corpusNameLivedEraRegionTradition
Bhagat Jaidev JiBhagat Jaidev Jifl. 12th c.12th centuryBengal or OrissaVaishnava poet
Sheikh Farid JiBaba Sheikh Farid Ji1173–126512th–13th centuryPunjab (Multan / Ajodhan)Sufi (Chishti)
Bhagat Trilochan JiBhagat Trilochan Jib. c. 126713th–14th centuryMaharashtraVaishnava sant
Bhagat Namdev JiBhagat Namdev Jic. 1270–135013th–14th centuryMaharashtra (Pandharpur) · Punjab (Ghuman)Varkari / Sant
Bhagat Ramanand JiBhagat Ramanand Jic. 1300–141014th–15th centuryPrayag · Banaras (Varanasi)Vaishnava bhakti teacher
Bhagat Sadhna JiBhagat Sadhna Jifl. 14th c.13th–14th centurySindh (Sehwan) · Punjab (Sirhind)Sant / butcher by trade
Bhagat Kabir JiBhagat Kabir Jib. c. 139815th centuryBanaras (Varanasi) · MagaharSant / weaver-mystic
Bhagat Dhanna JiBhagat Dhanna Jib. c. 141515th centuryRajasthan (Tonk)Sant / farmer
Bhagat Pipa JiBhagat Pipa Jib. c. 142515th centuryRajasthan (Gagraun) · DwarkaSant / renunciant king
Bhagat Ravidas JiBhagat Ravidas Jifl. 15th c.15th centuryBanaras (Varanasi)Sant / cobbler-saint
Bhagat Sain JiBhagat Sain Jifl. 15th c.15th centuryCentral India (Rewa) or the Deccan (Bidar)Sant / barber
Bhagat Bhikhan JiBhagat Bhikhan Jic. 1480–157315th–16th centuryNot recordedSant
Bhagat Parmanand JiBhagat Parmanand Jib. c. 148315th–16th centuryMaharashtra (Barsi)Vaishnava saint-poet
Bhagat Surdas JiBhagat Surdas Jib. c. 152916th centuryAwadh (Sandila) · BanarasBhakta poet
Bhagat Beni JiBhagat Beni Jinot recordeduncertain (medieval)Not recordedSant
  • Bhagat Jaidev Ji — Poet of the Gita Govinda; two of his hymns are in the Granth.
  • Baba Sheikh Farid Ji — Sufi mystic, known as the first recorded poet of the Punjabi language.
  • Bhagat Trilochan Ji — A Maharashtrian sant, learned in Puranic lore; four of his hymns are in the Granth.
  • Bhagat Namdev Ji — Marathi sant of fervent devotion; sixty-one of his hymns are in the Granth.
  • Bhagat Ramanand Ji — Teacher of Vaishnava bhakti at Kashi; his single hymn in the Granth rejects idol-worship.
  • Bhagat Sadhna Ji — A butcher by trade whose single hymn asks the Lord to save his honour.
  • Bhagat Kabir Ji — The weaver-mystic of Kashi; his Bani is the largest of any Bhagat in the Granth.
  • Bhagat Dhanna Ji — A Jatt farmer of Rajasthan, drawn to devotion by Namdev, Kabir, Ravidas and Sain; three hymns are his.
  • Bhagat Pipa Ji — A prince of Gagraun who gave up his throne; his one hymn finds the Divine within the body.
  • Bhagat Ravidas Ji — Poet and mystic of Varanasi who rejected caste; forty of his hymns are in the Granth.
  • Bhagat Sain Ji — A barber-saint whose one hymn in the Granth calls praise of the Lord the true aarti.
  • Bhagat Bhikhan Ji — A sant in the tradition of Ravidas and Dhanna; two of his hymns are in the Granth.
  • Bhagat Parmanand Ji — A Maharashtrian saint-poet whose one hymn puts devotion and service above ritual reading.
  • Bhagat Surdas Ji — A bhakta poet of whom the Granth keeps one line, answered by a shabad of Guru Arjan.
  • Bhagat Beni Ji — A sant of single-minded meditation; three of his hymns are in the Granth.

The Bhatts (12)

Name in the corpusNameLivedEraRegionTradition
Bhatt Bal (ਭਟ)Bhatt Bal Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Bhal (ਭਟ)Bhatt Bhal Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Bhikha (ਭਟ)Bhatt Bhikha Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Gayand (ਭਟ)Bhatt Gayand Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Haribans (ਭਟ)Bhatt Haribans Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Jalap (ਭਟ)Bhatt Jalap Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Kalsahar (ਭਟ)Bhatt Kalsahar Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Nal (ਭਟ)Bhatt Nal Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Sal (ਭਟ)Bhatt Sal Jifl. 16th c.Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
The Bhatts (ਭਟ)The Bhattsfl. 16th c.Court bards · late 16th c.PunjabBhatts (collective)
Bhatt Kirat (ਭਟ)Bhatt Kirat Jid. c. 1634Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
Bhatt Mathura (ਭਟ)Bhatt Mathura Jid. c. 1634Court bard · late 16th c.PunjabBhatt (bard)
  • Bhatt Bal Ji — Balh, son of Tokha (a brother of Rayya), wrote Swaiyye on the spiritual oneness of the Gurus, in the set praising Guru Ram Das.
  • Bhatt Bhal Ji — Bhalh, a son of Sekha, wrote one Swaiyya, in praise of Guru Amar Das.
  • Bhatt Bhikha Ji — Bhikha, son of Rayya, was a Brahmin bard of Sultanpur Lodhi who received initiation from Guru Amar Das.
  • Bhatt Gayand Ji — Gayand’s Swaiyye glorify Guru Ram Das.
  • Bhatt Haribans Ji — Haribans, eldest son of Gokha (a brother of Rayya), wrote two Swaiyye, both in praise of Guru Arjan.
  • Bhatt Jalap Ji — Jalap, a son of Bhatt Bhikha, moved to Goindval with his father.
  • Bhatt Kalsahar Ji — Kalh, also called Kalsahar or Kal Thakur, was a son of Bhatt Bhikha and is reckoned the most learned of the Bhatts.
  • Bhatt Nal Ji — Nalh’s Swaiyye are all in praise of Guru Ram Das.
  • Bhatt Sal Ji — Salh, a son of Sekha (brother of Rayya, Bhikha’s father), wrote Swaiyye on the pre-eminence of Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das.
  • The Bhatts — The Bhatts were bards of Brahmin families from the banks of the Sarasvati; some had settled at Sultanpur Lodhi.
  • Bhatt Kirat Ji — Kirat, a son of Bhatt Bhikha, wrote Swaiyye in praise of Guru Amar Das and Guru Ram Das.
  • Bhatt Mathura Ji — Mathura, a son of Bhatt Bhikha, sang the praise of Guru Ram Das and Guru Arjan.

Gursikhs (3)

Name in the corpusNameLivedEraRegionTradition
Bhai MardanaBhai Mardana Ji1459–153415th–16th centuryPunjab (Talwandi / Kartarpur)Companion of Guru Nanak
Baba Sundar JiBaba Sundar Jifl. 16th c.16th centuryPunjab (Goindval)Great-grandson of Guru Amar Das
Satta & BalwandBhai Satta Ji & Bhai Balwand Jifl. 16th c.16th–17th centuryPunjab (Lahore)Rababis of the Gurus’ court
  • Bhai Mardana Ji — Guru Nanak’s companion and rabab player on his travels. Saloks at Ang 553 carry his name (ਮਰਦਾਨਾ ੧); many read them as Guru Nanak’s words addressed to him — under scholarly review.
  • Baba Sundar Ji — Author of the Sadu, which tells of Guru Amar Das’s peaceful, God-willed passing.
  • Bhai Satta Ji & Bhai Balwand Ji — The two rababis whose Vaar praises the one light passing from Guru to Guru.

Source: frontend/public/contributors.json (vendored by the app at each platform release). To change an entry, edit the JSON, run python3 tools/check_contributors.py, then python3 tools/gen_contributors.py.